Who was President of the United States during the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War. This historic executive order declared the freedom of all enslaved people in the states that were in rebellion against the Union, which marked a significant turning point in the war and redefined the purpose of the conflict. Lincoln's commitment to abolishing slavery and promoting equality was central to his presidency, and the Emancipation Proclamation is often regarded as one of his most important achievements. The other individuals listed did not hold the presidency during the time the proclamation was issued; Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant were both presidents after Lincoln, while Rutherford B. Hayes took office after the Civil War had ended.