Which regions are primarily covered by tundra climate?

The tundra climate is characterized by its cold temperatures, low precipitation, and a short growing season, primarily found in the northernmost areas of the globe. This climate occurs mainly in the northern extremes of North America and Asia, which aligns perfectly with the correct answer.

In these regions, the tundra is marked by permafrost, a layer of permanently frozen subsoil, and it typically supports limited vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and low shrubs. The Arctic tundra, which covers parts of northern Canada and Alaska, as well as the Siberian tundra in Russia, exemplifies this climate zone.

The other regions mentioned in the other options do not fit the characteristics of a tundra climate. Southeast Asia and South America, for example, are known for their tropical climates, which experience warm temperatures and higher levels of rainfall, while Central Africa and Australia also have tropical and arid climates, respectively. Similarly, equatorial regions and tropical islands have warm climates that do not exhibit the cold, dry characteristics of tundra regions.