Which movement was a politically oriented coalition advocating for economic and political reforms in the late 19th century?

The Populist Movement was a significant coalition that emerged in the late 19th century, primarily representing the interests of farmers and laborers who were discontented with the economic conditions of the time. This movement sought to address the grievances of these groups by advocating for reforms that would improve their socio-economic status.

Key elements of the Populist Movement included the call for the regulation of railroad rates, the establishment of a graduated income tax, and the implementation of policies that would support bimetallism to increase the money supply. The movement aimed to challenge the political elite and corporate interests that were seen as oppressive and exploitative of the ordinary working and farming population.

In contrast, the Progressive Movement occurred somewhat later and was broader in scope, focusing on a wide array of social reforms and often overlapping with urban issues, women's rights, and labor reforms. The Suffrage Movement specifically targeted women's voting rights, and the Labor Movement primarily focused on workers' rights, labor conditions, and the formation of trade unions. While all these movements were important in shaping American society, the Populist Movement was distinct in its specific focus on the needs of rural and agrarian communities during its time.