Which factor primarily drove immigrants to the United States during major waves of immigration?

Economic opportunity was the primary factor that drove many immigrants to the United States during major waves of immigration, especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During this time, the U.S. was experiencing rapid industrialization, which created a significant demand for labor. Immigrants sought better job prospects, higher wages, and the chance for a better life compared to what they faced in their home countries. Many individuals and families left behind economic hardships, such as poverty and lack of employment opportunities, in search of the promise of prosperity in America.

While political asylum was a factor for some, particularly those fleeing persecution, it was not the main driver for the majority of immigrants. Similarly, adventure and exploration played a minimal role in the decision-making process for most immigrants, as the focus was generally on survival and improvement of economic conditions. Environmental conditions did lead some groups to migrate, particularly due to famine or natural disasters, but the overarching theme of economic opportunity overshadows these factors during the major waves of immigration.