Which factor contributed to population growth in Europe before 1789?

The end of the bubonic plague significantly contributed to population growth in Europe before 1789. The bubonic plague, which struck Europe in the 14th century, decimated the population, resulting in a sharp decline in the number of people. As the epidemic receded, the population began to recover and grow. This recovery was facilitated by improvements in health, living conditions, and agricultural practices that emerged in the wake of the plague. Increased agricultural productivity meant that more food was available for a growing population, ultimately leading to a demographic shift.

Other options do not reflect factors that would contribute to population growth. For instance, a decline in trade or the abandonment of agriculture would likely result in economic stagnation and reduced population growth. High mortality rates would similarly impede population growth, as they indicate that more people are dying than being born. In contrast, the end of the bubonic plague opened the door for population recovery and expansion throughout Europe.