What were the main beliefs of Islam as taught by Muhammad?

The main beliefs of Islam as taught by Muhammad center around the concept of submission to God, known as "Islam," which literally means "submission." This fundamental tenet reflects the importance of acknowledging the oneness of God (Allah) and living according to His guidance. Muhammad emphasized living a life of righteousness, which is connected deeply to the practice of social justice. This belief system promotes equality, compassion, and care for the less fortunate within the community. Key practices such as charity (Zakat) and support for the marginalized are intrinsic to this belief, highlighting the importance of social justice in Islam.

The other options do not accurately represent the core teachings of Islam. The concept of personal wealth and power directly contradicts the idea of humility and service to God that is central to Islamic teachings. Islam does not prioritize hierarchical religious structures in the same way as some other religions; rather, it places the relationship between the individual and God at the forefront. Additionally, while Muhammad was a leader in a time of conflict, the promotional aspect of military conquest does not capture the essence of Islamic teachings, which primarily focuses on spiritual, moral, and social guidelines rather than militaristic ambitions.