What movement significantly impacted the territories within the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century?

The movement that significantly impacted the territories within the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century is nationalism. This period saw the rise of nationalist movements among various ethnic groups within the empire, including the Armenians, Arabs, Serbs, and Greeks. Nationalism fueled desires for independence and self-determination, leading to uprisings and the eventual formation of new nation-states. These movements challenged the existing political structure of the empire, ultimately contributing to its decline and fragmentation.

While industrialization, colonial expansion, and imperialism played important roles in the context of global changes during this time, it was nationalism that had a direct and profound effect on the internal dynamics of the Ottoman Empire. Nationalist movements sought to assert the identities and rights of specific ethnic groups, disrupting the multiethnic fabric of the empire and leading to conflicts and reforms aimed at addressing these growing tensions.