According to Karl Marx, which state is considered a transitional phase between capitalism and communism?

The correct answer is socialism, as Karl Marx viewed socialism as the transitional phase that would bridge the gap between capitalism and communism. In Marx's theory, capitalism is characterized by private ownership of the means of production and class struggle, primarily between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class). Marx believed that the proletariat would eventually overthrow the bourgeoisie, leading to a socialist state where the means of production would be collectively owned and managed. This social ownership is intended to eliminate class distinctions and prepare society for the eventual realization of communism, where a stateless, classless society would emerge.

In this context, socialism serves as a necessary step to dismantle the capitalist structures and enable the working class to gain power, manage resources equitably, and ultimately progress toward a communist society. The other options do not serve this transitional purpose within Marx's framework, as they represent different economic or political systems that do not directly address the relationship between capitalism and communism.